【HK】空洞虫语HALLOWSPEAK学习笔记（一）人造语言
The Hallowspeak Project is an ongoing endeavour by The Hallowspeak Team toconstruct a conlang based on the language written and spoken by the bugs in thegame Hollow Knight.
空洞虫语团队尝试根据游戏《空洞骑士》中已经存在的口语和书面语，创造一种属于虫子的人造语言。
What is a conlang?
The word "conlang" is short for "constructed language," but it' s much more than one would expect at first glance. Many people who don’t know about conlangs often think that they' re just replacing each letter in English with a different symbol.
什么是conlang？
“Conlang”是人造语言的简称，但不仅仅是看上去那么简单。很多人没有听说过人造语言，以为人造语言只是用不一样的字母代替英语。
However, this is far from the truth. Creating symbols and then substituting them into apre-existing language is called a cipher, which is not a conlang at all. A conlang has its own words and rules, as well as its own grammar. It is a complete and independent language.
但事实并非如此。用新的符号代替已经存在的语言叫做编码，这和人造语言完全不一样。人造语言有它自身的单词和规则，同样也有自身的语法，完全是独立的一种语言。
How does Hallowspeak work?
Firstly, how Hallowspeak doesn’t work: Hallowspeak is not a translation of the in-game dialogue and lore tablets. The voice lines from the characters in Hollow Knight, and the lore tablet sprites, are all gibberish made-up by the voiceactors and artists, and not an actual language. Because of this, we always use the terms “reconstruct” or “create based on…” to describe The Hallowspeak Project.
空洞虫语到底是什么呢？
首先，我们先看看空洞虫语不是什么：空洞虫语不是游戏里对白和石碑的翻译。空洞骑士人物的声线，石碑的涂鸦都是配音演员和艺术家们随性的创造，并不是一种真正的语言。因此，我们更倾向于用“重塑”和“基于原游戏的创造”来描述空洞虫语项目。
But of course, even in random gibberish, you can still find patterns. And that is what Hallowspeak is. We find patterns in the gibberish and then try to explain them the best we can, using scientific linguistics knowledge. This lets us construct a realistic language that fits the voice lines in-game as closely aspossible.
不过即使是随机的呢喃，仍然能够发现规律。这就是空洞虫语。我们在游戏本身发声中寻找规律，尽最大可能用科学的语言学知识解释这些呢喃，从而尝试创造一种真正符合游戏配音的语言。
以上引用部分皆出自https://hallowspeak.com/，无授权翻译，侵删
Couldwe also imagine a language in which a person could write down or give vocal expression to his inner experiences -- his feelings, moods, and the rest -- for his private use? Well, can't we do so in our ordinary language? -- But that is not what I mean. The individual words of this language are to refer to what can only be known to the person speaking; to his immediate private sensations. So another person cannot understand the language.
--Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations par. 243
人造语言是人们探索语言可能性的尝试。从学术的角度而言，人造语言能够为我们提供探索语言起源的依据。与自然语言不同，人造语言具有可溯源性，且创作者、使用目的皆十分明确。创作者并不是已经逝世的先人，而是现实中狂热的语言爱好者，能够通过邮件和个人网站联系到他们。不过人造语言仍然承担着部分自然语言的功能。比如世界语是为便利人与人之间的交流（这种叫做auxlangs or auxiliarylanguages），一些是文学影视作品以及游戏作品中的人造语言是为区分现实世界与虚拟世界（ficlangs or artisticlanguages），还有少数具有特殊用途的语言（engelangs,or engineered languages）。
Ng, S. B., & Schwendiman, A. (2017). Properties of Constructed Language Phonological Inventories. Washington: University of Washington, 2.
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